Astronomy and physics education research and comments, think-pair-share (peer instruction) clicker questions, flashcard questions, in-class activities (lecture-tutorials), current events questions, backwards faded scaffolding laboratories, Hake gains, multiple-choice and essay exam questions, indices of discrimination, presentation slides, photos, ephemerae, astronomy in the marketplace, unrelated random sketches and minutiae.
| 0- 8.0 : | * [low = 6.5] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | ** |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ************** [mean = 23.8 +/- 7.3] |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ********** |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ***** [high = 36.0] |
| 0- 8.0 : | ** [low = 7.0] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | ******* |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ***** [mean = 20.9 +/- 8.5] |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ****** |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ** [high = 36.0] |
| 0- 6 : | * [low = 6] |
| 7-12 : | *** |
| 13-18 : | ************** |
| 19-24 : | ******************* [mean = 21.7 +/- 5.8] |
| 25-30 : | ***************** [high = 30] |
| 0- 8.0 : | * [low = 4.0] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | ******* |
| 16.5-24.0 : | **** |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ******** [mean = 28.1 +/- 9.8] |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ***************** [high = 40.0] |
| 0- 8.0 : | * [low = 8.0] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | * |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ******** |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ******* [mean = 25.8 +/- 7.4] |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ***** [high = 40.0] |
| 0- 6 : | |
| 7-12 : | ******** [low = 9] |
| 13-18 : | ************ |
| 19-24 : | ****************** [mean = 21.1 +/- 6.0] |
| 25-30 : | **************** [high = 30] |
