20071030

Physics clicker questions: torque sequence

Physics 5A, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Cf. Giambattista/Richardson/Richardson, Physics, 1/e, Multiple-Choice Question 8.6

Students were asked the following clicker questions (Classroom Performance System, einstruction.com) near the end of their learning cycle:

[0.6 participation points.] Which one of the forces in the figure produces the largest magnitude torque about the rotation axis indicated? (All forces have the same magnitude.)
(A) F_A.
(B) F_B.
(C) F_C.
(D) F_D.
(E) (More than one of the forces listed above has the largest magnitude torque.)
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 2 students
(B) : 21 students
(C) : 7 students
(D) : 5 students
(E) : 4 students
(F) : 0 students

Correct answer: (B)

Force A has zero torque, as it is parallel to its lever arm. All of the remaining forces are perpendicular to their lever arms. Force C and force D provide some torque, but force B has the greatest torque, due to having the longest lever arm.

[0.6 participation points.] How many of the forces in the figure above produces a positive torque about the rotation axis indicated? _____.

Sections 0906, 0907
0 : 1 student
1 : 29 students
2 : 8 students
3 : 1 student
4 : 0 students

Correct answer: 1.

Force B and force C would turn the square clockwise, and thus exert negative torques. Force D would turn the square counterclockwise, and thus would exert a positive torque.

20071026

Physics clicker questions: bullet into block sequence

Physics 5A, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Cf. Giambattista/Richardson/Richardson, Physics, 1/e, Problem 7.44

Students were asked the following clicker questions (Classroom Performance System, einstruction.com) near the end of their learning cycle:

Object 1 = 0.020 kg bullet
Object 2 = 2.00 kg block
i = bullet before hitting block, block still stationary
f = just after bullet embedded into block, but before any sliding actually takes place

[0.6 participation points.] What is conserved for the process i→f?
(A) Momentum.
(B) Kinetic energy.
(C) Energy, with non-conservative work being done.
(D) (More than one of the above choices apply.)
(E) (Nothing is conserved.)
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 25 students
(B) : 3 students
(C) : 1 students
(D) : 7 students
(E) : 0 students
(F) : 0 students

Correct answer: (A)

Since there are no external horizontal impulses, momentum is conserved, such that v_12,f = (m_1*v_1,i)/(m_1 + m2). However, since there is deformation with no rebound and separation in this perfectly inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved.

f = just after bullet embedded into block, but before any sliding actually takes place
ff = after block (with bullet inside) comes to a rest because of kinetic friction

[0.6 participation points.] What is conserved for the process f→ff?
(A) Momentum.
(B) Kinetic energy.
(C) Energy, with non-conservative work being done.
(D) (More than one of the above choices apply.)
(E) (Nothing is conserved.)
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 4 students
(B) : 9 students
(C) : 8 students
(D) : 8 students
(E) : 5 students
(F) : 1 students

Correct answer: (C)

Friction causes a horizontal impulse on the block (with embedded bullet), and thus momentum is not conserved. Friction also does work on the block/bullet, thus kinetic energy is not conserved, but energy is conserved if the non-conservative work done by friction is accounted for.

W_nc = delta(K_12),
-mu_k*(m_1 + m_2)*g*delta_x = (1/2)*(m_1 + m_2)*((v_12,f)^2 - 0).

20071025

Physics clicker questions: kinetic energy-momentum sequence

Physics 5A, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Cf. Giambattista/Richardson/Richardson, Physics, 1/e, Problem 7.7

Students were asked the following clicker questions (Classroom Performance System, einstruction.com) near the beginning of their learning cycle:

Mass of (bowling?) ball = 5.0 kg

[0.6 participation points.] The ball is initially at rest, and then you push it such that it has a final speed of 3.0 m/s in the +x direction. What was the change in kinetic energy of the ball?
(A) –23 J.
(B) –15 J.
(C) 0 J.
(D) +15 J.
(E) +23 J.
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 1 student
(B) : 1 student
(C) : 1 student
(D) : 9 students
(E) : 22 students

Correct answer: (E)

[0.6 participation points.] What was the change in momentum of the ball?
(A) –23 kg*m/s.
(B) –15 kg*m/s.
(C) 0 kg*m/s.
(D) +15 kg*m/s.
(E) +23 kg*m/s.
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 0 students
(B) : 0 students
(C) : 0 students
(D) : 32 students
(E) : 2 students
(F) : 0 students

Correct answer: (D)

So far, so good--students seem to understand how to calculate changes in kinetic energy, and changes in momentum, especially when the initial velocity is zero.



Mass of (bowling) ball = 5.0 kg

[0.6 participation points.] The ball is moving with a speed of 3.0 m/s in the +x direction, and then hits a wall and bounces back with the same speed in the –x direction. What was the change in kinetic energy of the ball?
(A) –23 J.
(B) –15 J.
(C) 0 J.
(D) +15 J.
(E) +23 J.
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 1 student
(B) : 2 students
(C) : 25 students
(D) : 0 students
(E) : 5 students
(F) : 0 students

Correct answer: (C)

The final and initial speed is the same, so there is no change in kinetic energy.

[0.6 participation points.] What was the change in momentum of the ball?
(A) –23 kg*m/s.
(B) –15 kg*m/s.
(C) 0 kg*m/s.
(D) +15 kg*m/s.
(E) +23 kg*m/s.
(F) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 27 student
(B) : 2 students
(C) : 5 students
(D) : 0 students
(E) : 0 students
(F) : 0 students

Correct answer: (A)

The final velocity is negative, and the initial velocity is positive, such that the change in momentum (the impulse) points in the -x direction. (Note that a negative change in kinetic energy corresponds to a decrease in speed; a negative change in momentum corresponds to the -x direction.)

20071022

Physics clicker question: airbag effect

Physics 5A, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Cf. Giambattista/Richardson/Richardson, Physics, 1/e, Example 7.3

Students were asked the following clicker question (Classroom Performance System, einstruction.com) in the middle of their learning cycle:

[0.6 participation points.] An airbag (in conjunction with a seatbelt) will lessen the injuries caused by a car accident. How does the airbag do this, compared to wearing a seatbelt only?
(A) By decreasing the change in momentum.
(B) By decreasing the amount of impulse.
(C) By increasing the time duration of impact.
(D) (More than one of the above choices apply.)
(E) (I'm lost, and don't know how to answer this.)

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 5 students
(B) : 5 students
(C) : 11 students
(D) : 14 students
(E) : 0 students

Correct answer: (C)
Assuming that the same type of accident is involved for the same mass occupant, the momentum change (m*(v_f - v_i) will be the same, as will be the impulse on the driver. The time duration (delta_t) for the impulse (F*delta_t) to be applied will be longer with the airbag, thus the force applied on the occupant will be lessened.

20071019

Airbags make babies cry

L: Ralph Nader and Toddler, (© UPI/Bettman)
achievement.org
July 5, 1977

R: Ralph Nader and Toddler, unknown photographer
scienceservingsociety.com
July 5, 1977

Sure, airbags save lives, but do airbags make babies cry?

Two photos from the same event. Ralph Nader coaxing little Betsy into the airbag demonstrator, placing his finger over the airbag detonator.

"Watch out for that tree, Betsy! Watch out! Don't you see it? Betsy, what are you doing?!? BETSY..."

<INFLATE>Poof.</INFLATE>

A good 30 seconds passes before Betsy begins bawling her eyes out.

Well, that's the way it might have happened.

20071018

American crash-test dummies

Bizarro, by Dan Piraro
www.bizarro.com
March 30, 2007

Considering the same velocity change for a typical accident (v_f - v_i), a larger mass will require a greater impulse to come to a complete stop.

20071017

Making diamonds

Bizarro, by Dan Piraro
www.bizarro.com
June 19, 2007

Astronomy 10 learning goals Q4.4, Q6.1

Diamond is tetrahedrally configured carbon, which can be made after subjected to immense pressures and high temperatures, such as in the mantle of the Earth, in the cores of jovian planets.

20071016

"More Power, Scotty!"

Photoshop Phriday: Star Trek Bonanza, by hobo_bait
January 12, 2007
somethingawful.com

20071011

Physics clicker question: circular motion free-body diagrams

Physics 5A, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Cf. Giambattista/Richardson/Richardson, Physics, 1/e, Problem 5.38

Students were asked the following clicker questions (Classroom Performance System, einstruction.com) in the middle of their learning cycle:

Use these free-body diagrams for the following questions:


[0.6 participation points.] Which free-body diagram represents a passenger (upside-down) at the top of a vertical loop, traveling fast enough that there is still contact with the seat?

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 1 student
(B) : 10 students
(C) : 10 students
(D) : 9 students
(E) : 1 student
(F) : 8 students

Correct answer: (F)
At the top of the circular arc, the net force points inwards (downwards), which is comprised of both the downwards normal force of the seat on the passenger, and the weight force of the Earth on the passenger.

[0.6 participation points.] Which free-body diagram represents a passenger (upside-down) at the top of a vertical loop, traveling just fast enough that there is barely contact with the seat?

Sections 0906, 0907
(A) : 0 students
(B) : 0 students
(C) : 2 students
(D) : 1 student
(E) : 35 student
(F) : 1 student

Correct answer: (E)
At the top of the circular arc, the net force points inwards (downwards), which is comprised only the downwards weight force of the Earth on the passenger.

20071010

Uniform circular motion: wall of death

Rhett "Rotten" Giordano, New Orleans Superdome Bike Expo
http://www.650motorcycles.com/83expoGrinder.jpg

Demonstration of how the (upwards) static friction force prevents the bike from sliding down the "Wall of Death," while the (inwards pointing) normal force provides the net force required for uniform circular motion.

20071009

Uniform circular motion: centripetal net force

Li Wei, liweiart.com
047-01, "Life in the high I" (detail)
Beijing July 1, 2004

Demonstration of the inward (centripetal) net force required for uniform circular motion.

20071008

Astronomy clicker question: jovian weather patterns

Astronomy 10, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Astronomy 10 learning goal Q6.1

Students were asked the following clicker question (Classroom Performance System, einstruction.com) at the end of their learning cycle:

[0.3 points.] Which one of the following choices best explains why Saturn's belt-zones and cyclonic spot cloud features are less prominent than Jupiter's?
(A) Saturn supplies less tidal heating than Jupiter.
(B) Saturn retains much less heat than Jupiter.
(C) Saturn is farther from the Sun than Jupiter.
(D) Saturn has much less liquid metallic hydrogen than Jupiter.
(E) Saturn's rings are much more prominent than Jupiter's.

Correct answer: not revealed yet (see discussion).

Initial responses below:

Student responses
Section 1073
(A) : 6 students
(B) : 12 students
(C) : 3 students
(D) : 10 students
(E) : 2 students

The energy source of jovian planet belt-zone and cyclone weather patterns is core heat. A cooler core would result in less prominent weather patterns. The same question was asked again, with no explanation from the instructor.

[0.3 points.] Which one of the following choices best explains why Saturn's belt-zones and cyclonic spot cloud features are less prominent than Jupiter's?
(A) Saturn supplies less tidal heating than Jupiter.
(B) Saturn retains much less heat than Jupiter.
(C) Saturn is farther from the Sun than Jupiter.
(D) Saturn has much less liquid metallic hydrogen than Jupiter.
(E) Saturn's rings are much more prominent than Jupiter's.

Correct answer: (B)

Student responses
Section 1073
(A) : 6 students
(B) : 26 students
(C) : 0 students
(D) : 1 student
(E) : 0 students

20071005

Erasing slate: study the night sky

"I like to study the night sky!" by Anonymous
Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Latest scribbling on the lift-and-erase slate in the hallway, outside the office door.

20071001

Astronomy quiz question: radioactive dating

Astronomy 10 Quiz 4, Fall Semester 2007
Cuesta College, San Luis Obispo, CA

Astronomy 10 learning goal Q4.2

[Version 1]

[3.0 points.] Consider three samples (X)-(Z), with differing amounts of unstable isotopes, embedded gaseous decay products, and inert material (which is not involved in the radioactive decay process), schematically shown below.


Which one of the following choices best corresponds to the order of samples from youngest to oldest, as determined by radioactive dating?
(A) Youngest: X, Y, Z: oldest.
(B) Youngest: X, Z, Y: oldest.
(C) Youngest: Y, Z, X: oldest.
(D) Youngest: Y, X, Z: oldest.
(E) Youngest: Z, X, Y: oldest.

Correct answer: (B)

Student responses
Section 0135
(A) : 8 students
(B) : 16 students
(C) : 3 students
(D) : 2 students
(E) : 6 students

[Version 2]

[3.0 points.] Consider three samples (X)-(Z), with differing amounts of unstable isotopes, embedded gaseous decay products, and inert material (which is not involved in the radioactive decay process), schematically shown below.


Which one of the following choices best corresponds to the order of samples from youngest to oldest, as determined by radioactive dating?
(A) Youngest: X, Y, Z: oldest.
(B) Youngest: X, Z, Y: oldest.
(C) Youngest: Y, Z, X: oldest.
(D) Youngest: Y, X, Z: oldest.
(E) Youngest: Z, X, Y: oldest.

Correct answer: (E)

Student responses
Section 1073
(A) : 1 student
(B) : 5 students
(C) : 8 students
(D) : 6 students
(E) : 24 students