Astronomy and physics education research and comments, think-pair-share (peer instruction) clicker questions, flashcard questions, in-class activities (lecture-tutorials), current events questions, backwards faded scaffolding laboratories, Hake gains, multiple-choice and essay exam questions, indices of discrimination, presentation slides, photos, ephemerae, astronomy in the marketplace, unrelated random sketches and minutiae.
| 0- 8.0 : | |
| 8.5-16.0 : | * [low = 14.5] |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ***** |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ****** [mean = 27.6 +/- 7.1] |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ******* [high = 40.0] |
| 0- 8.0 : | **** [low = 4.0] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | ****** |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ****** |
| 24.5-32.0 : | *************** [mean = 24.7 +/- 10.3] |
| 32.5-40.0 : | *********** [high = 40.0] |
| 0- 6 : | |
| 7-12 : | *** [low = 9] |
| 13-18 : | ************ |
| 19-24 : | ************ [mean = 20.3 +/- 5.3] |
| 25-30 : | ***** [high = 27] |
| 0- 6 : | |
| 7-12 : | ** [low = 9] |
| 13-18 : | **** |
| 19-24 : | ************ [mean = 23.3 +/- 4.9] |
| 25-30 : | ************** [high = 30] |
| 0- 8.0 : | ** [low = 4.0] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | **** |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ***** [mean = 24.0 +/- 10.2] |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ***** |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ******* [high = 40.0] |
| 0- 8.0 : | **** [low = 4.0] |
| 8.5-16.0 : | ***** |
| 16.5-24.0 : | *********** [mean = 23.7 +/- 9.1] |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ************* |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ******* [high = 40.0] |
