Astronomy and physics education research and comments, think-pair-share (peer instruction) clicker questions, flashcard questions, in-class activities (lecture-tutorials), current events questions, backwards faded scaffolding laboratories, Hake gains, multiple-choice and essay exam questions, indices of discrimination, presentation slides, photos, ephemerae, astronomy in the marketplace, unrelated random sketches and minutiae.
| 0- 6 : | * [low = 3] |
| 7-12 : | **** |
| 13-18 : | ************* |
| 19-24 : | **************** [mean = 22.1 +/- 6.1] |
| 25-30 : | ****************** [high = 30] |
| 0- 8.0 : | |
| 8.5-16.0 : | **** [low = 13.5] |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ****** |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ************ [mean = 27.5 +/- 6.9] |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ************ [high = 36.5] |
| 0- 8.0 : | |
| 8.5-16.0 : | ****** [low = 11] |
| 16.5-24.0 : | ****** [mean = 21.7 +/- 6.8] |
| 24.5-32.0 : | ******* |
| 32.5-40.0 : | ** [high = 33] |
| 0- 6 : | ** [low = 6] |
| 7-12 : | ********* |
| 13-18 : | *********** |
| 19-24 : | ***************** [mean = 19.8 +/- 6.3] |
| 25-30 : | ************* [high = 27] |
